# John 19:31

> It was the day of Preparation, and the next day was a High Sabbath. In order that the bodies would not remain on the cross during the Sabbath, the Jews asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies removed.

— John 19:31, Berean Standard Bible

## When

- AD 30-33? (counted from the text)
- Date source: The same reconstruction of the Passion: AD 30 or 33, within Pilate's prefecture.

## Who ruled

- **Tiberius**, emperor of Rome, AD 14-37 · Source: Tacitus, Annals I-VI; Suetonius, Tiberius
- **Pontius Pilate**, prefect of Judea, AD 26-36 · Source: Josephus, Antiquities XVIII.3-4; Tacitus, Annals XV.44; the Caesarea inscription, which carries his name and office in stone
- **Herod Antipas**, tetrarch of Galilee, 4 BC – AD 39 · Source: Josephus, Antiquities XVII.8-XVIII.7
- **Philip**, tetrarch of Ituraea, 4 BC – AD 34 · Source: Josephus, Antiquities XVII.8, XVIII.4
- **Caiaphas**, high priest, AD 18-36 · Source: Josephus, Antiquities XVIII.2.2 and XVIII.4.3; the ossuary of "Joseph, son of Caiaphas," found in Jerusalem in 1990

## See also

- John 19:14 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/john/19/14
- John 19:42 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/john/19/42
- Mark 15:42 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/mark/15/42
- Joshua 8:29 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/joshua/8/29
- Exodus 12:16 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/exodus/12/16
- Leviticus 23:7-16 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/leviticus/23/7
- Deuteronomy 21:22-23 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/deuteronomy/21/22
- Joshua 10:26-27 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/joshua/10/26

Cross-references: OpenBible.info, CC BY 4.0.

## This document

- Canonical: https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/john/19/31
- Whole chapter: https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/john/19
- License: Scripture: Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain. Source: Scriptoria (scriptoria.digital).