# Luke 2:9

> Just then an angel of the Lord stood before them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were terrified.

— Luke 2:9, Berean Standard Bible

## On the map

- **Bethlehem** (Judea · today Bethlehem) — https://scriptoria.digital/en/atlas/bethlehem

## Who appears

- **Jesus** (the Christ) — https://scriptoria.digital/en/people/jesus

## When

- 6-4 BC? (dated by the text itself)
- Date source: Luke 2:1-2 dates itself by the census of Quirinius. Josephus (Antiquities XVIII.1) puts that census in AD 6; Matthew 2 puts the birth under Herod, who died in 4 BC.

## Who ruled

- **Augustus**, emperor of Rome, 27 BC – AD 14 · Source: Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Augustus; Res Gestae Divi Augusti
- **Herod the Great**, king of Judea, 37-4 BC · Source: Josephus, Antiquities XIV-XVII
- **Archelaus**, ethnarch of Judea, 4 BC – AD 6 · Source: Josephus, Antiquities XVII.13; Jewish War II.7
- **Herod Antipas**, tetrarch of Galilee, 4 BC – AD 39 · Source: Josephus, Antiquities XVII.8-XVIII.7
- **Philip**, tetrarch of Ituraea, 4 BC – AD 34 · Source: Josephus, Antiquities XVII.8, XVIII.4

## See also

- Isaiah 60:1 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/isaiah/60/1
- 2 Corinthians 3:18 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/2-corinthians/3/18
- 1 Kings 8:11 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/1-kings/8/11
- Acts 27:23 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/acts/27/23
- Revelation 18:1 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/revelation/18/1
- Acts 26:13-14 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/acts/26/13
- Exodus 40:34-35 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/exodus/40/34
- Judges 6:11-12 — https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/judges/6/11

Cross-references: OpenBible.info, CC BY 4.0.

## This document

- Canonical: https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/luke/2/9
- Whole chapter: https://scriptoria.digital/en/bible/luke/2
- License: Scripture: Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain. Source: Scriptoria (scriptoria.digital).